Predictors Of Academic And Academic Motivation - 1153 Words

Predictors of Academic Persistence in Higher Education EDPS 189H Section 001 Term 1 Alex McKinney Abstract Accurately predicting academic persistence for incoming and returning college students is constant problem for all involved. Multiple predictors currently exist to help determine the academic motivation of students. Traditional predictors cover the cognitive aspects of students. The most common predictors are standardized tests and high school GPA. Noncognitive predictors are difficult to accurately measure but still contribute to a student’s persistence. Cultural predictors such as economic status, moral support and ethnic differences also play a role in a student’s academic motivation. The purpose of this paper was to explain the effectiveness of these predictors. Predictors of Academic Persistence in Higher Education I. Introduction a. Define Persistence II. Predictors in a Traditional Sense a. Standardized Tests i. Validity ii. Effectiveness b. High School Grades i. Validity ii. Effectiveness III. Non-cognitive Predictors a. Validity b. Effectiveness IV. Cultural Predictors a. Economic Status i. Validity b. Social Support i. Validity c. Ethnic Differences i. Validity V. Conclusion a. Restate Important Results VI. Discussion It is a common concern whether a higher education is economically viable for many individuals. A college education can be, to some extent, equated to gambling. There is a considerable amount of risk involved when choosing to further one’sShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Academic Stress, Achievement Motivation, and Academic Achievement as Predictors of Adjustment Among Highschool Students.†3007 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"ACADEMIC STRESS, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION, AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ADJUSTMENT AMONG HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS.† ABSTRACT The main aim of the present study was to explore the relative contribution of academic stress, achievement motivation and academic achievement among adjustment of high school students. It was hypothesized that adjustment will be significantly predicted on the basis of academic stress, achievement motivation and academic achievement. 160 students of SangliRead MoreRelationship Between Personality And Academic Performance1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe relationship between personality and academic performance has been strongly identified in research that also suggests motivation, gender and different learning styles too have an effect on academic performance and are influenced by personality traits. Personality is not only related to academic performance but it is deemed a more valid predictor of academic performance than a student’s academic motivation (De Feyter, Caers, Vigna, Berings, 2012). The five factor model (FFM) introduced by McCraeRead MoreTeaching Styles, Lea rning Styles, and Cultural Location in Relation to Academic Success996 Words   |  4 Pagesand Cultural Location in Relation to Academic Success The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. 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This addedRead MoreThe Greatest Retention Issues Occur During The First Year At An Institution884 Words   |  4 Pagesretention theories of Tinto, Pasacrelli, and Astin, and the work of John Gardner. Literature speaks of finding the â€Å"right fit† (Astin, 1999; Freedman, 1956; Richmond Lemons, 1985). The level of involvement in â€Å"any of the components of an institution’s academic and social systems can be a critical factor in students’ persistence decisions† (Pascarella Terenzini, 2005, p. 426). 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First, they may guide admissions personnel and decision makers at the ministry of higher education and scientific research in identifying whether high school GPA and admission test scores help in predicting academic performance of students attending higher education institutions. This study might also help them in the development of future admission plans and student retention programs at Yemeni universities and colleges, resulting in changing the admissionsRead MoreImpact Of Student Motivation And Student Engagement1520 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Motivation and Stud ent Engagement According to Legault and Green-Demers (2006), one of the most salient academic problems beleaguering today’s students is a lack of motivation toward learning. 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Once there is solid understanding of one’s self-concept can he or she essentially write theirRead MoreStudy Habits Are A Vital Predictor For Academic Performance1041 Words   |  5 Pages Study habits are a vital predictor for academic performance in students. Study habits are defined as a student’s pre-examination actions to improve learning and performance. Some constructive habits include: reading and taking notes, preparing for examinations prior to the week of the examination, choosing the best fit environment, having a positive attitude, and an underlying motivation. Research studies have shown that personality has an influence on study skills (Crede Kuncel, 2016). Study

Lysistrat A Political Satire Written By Aristophanes

Lysistrata was a political satire written by Aristophanes in early 400 B.C.E., and was performed in Athens. The connection between Lysistrata and the society and culture surrounding it is deeply significant. Due to the immense cultural pressure in this period, it’s difficult to pinpoint a singular theme that Aristophanes was trying to make a comment on. With the Peloponnesian War continuing to lead a seemingly endless reign of chaos over Greece and its citizens, these elements of fear and despair became very relevant in the plays of the time, most notably being Aristophanes’ Lysistrata. Within such satires, it became commonplace to see women being used as satirical devices to call attention to the craziness that had consumed society. It also contributed to the idea of women having a social or political power and, more importantly, having worth and a voice. Although it is impossible to know exactly which social aspects Aristophanes was trying to comment on, through histo rical documents and contexts, it is clear that statements were made condemning war through the satirical use of subverting gender norms to reinforce the foolishness in society and fighting. The fighting and devastation that influenced Aristophanes was the result of the Peloponnesian War. The war had been reigning terror and sorrow from about 431 to 404 B.C.E. across the Greek nation (â€Å"The Peloponnesian War†). It was fought between Sparta and Athens, however, each of these cities served as the head of

Comparing and Contrasting two pieces of music. Essay Example For Students

Comparing and Contrasting two pieces of music. Essay Fantasy on Japanese Woodblocks by Alan Havens. I felt different about both pieces, but I did see a couple similarities. And thats what Im going to explain about in this essay: both the differences and the similarities of the two pieces. Ill start by explaining how I felt about both pieces. The Gavotte had a very calming affect on me. For a minute I felt as if I was in the wonderful Jungle sitting and existing to a peaceful waterfall and finding peace to my soul. But it also made me tap my fingers and feet. The second piece by the Havens had awoken a totally different emotion in me, instead of feeling happy and peaceful I felt scared, uncertain, and had a feeling that something bad was about to happen. After a while I started to get annoyed of all the repeated high notes. But I still tapped my fingers according to the Marimba. Unfortunately I didnt have any intellectual or spiritual responses for both the pieces. I will now explain the elements of Music to show how both the pieces where played differently and how they were played the same. The beat of the Gavotte was not too fast or too slow, more or less in the middle. Although it did have a Jump once in a while. The rhythm was pretty lazy and simple because it had quite a bit of repetition. But it isnt as obvious as the very repetitive rhythm of the second piece by Alan Havens. The Gavotte had a skip and step melody , which means that it notes would Jump back and forth on the scale. The harmony was thick and had a rich sound to it. It had a block harmony. The timbre would have a occasional Jump once in a while. During most of the piece it had a relatively low level of dynamic contrast. The Fantasy on Japanese Woodblocks was the strangest piece Ive ever heard because it sounded like a mess, but at the same time it was very interesting. What made this piece so annoying was the continuous Jump of pitches and the repetitive rhythm accompanied by a fast Jumpy beat. This piece also had a skip and step melody. The harmony had a counter melody, which helped make the repetition of the piece slightly less obvious. The timbre was hard and rough. The notes were hard and disjointed most of the time, it never really came down softly. After listening to both pieces, I can without doubt say that I liked the piece by Profiled better than the one by the Havens, because I would rather be happy than scared, and I believe that I speak for everyone in my class when I say that. But Comparing and Contrasting two pieces of music. By headquarters ND repetitive, although the piece by Havens was a lot more repetitive than the piece by Profiled. But then again, the repetitions is what that created the theme for that piece. Its no doubt that music from different parts of the world will be different, The Gavotte and the Fantasy on Japanese Woodblocks are a great example of music from different parts of the world. But each and every one of them will have unique beauty, something that will make it stand out from the crowd, after all, who would like to live in a world where everything is the same!

Project Management Research Paper Example

Project Management Paper The scenario is a business owner wants to expand the building in which the business in occupying, but the business owner does not know where to start. This is the point where the business owner needs to incorporate project management. To understand project management, the business owner needs to know what a project is, the basic phases of the project life cycle and purpose, and the importance of project management for an organization to accomplish tasks. Once the business owner understands project management, the expansion can begin. Project management does not need to be complex. Taking the time to understand the process will help an organization achieve maximum success. What is a project? Projects are any series of activities or tasks that have a characteristic of possessing a specific objective needing to have accomplishments within certain specifications, possessing a specific start and end date, possessing a budget to keep, uses human and nonhuman resources, and are multifunctional in nature (Kezner, 2009). A project is anything that helps a company improve on its operation, product, or marketing. When one thinks of a project, the words build, move, and non-routine come to mind. Project life cycles A project life cycle is a logical sequence of activities to accomplish a projects objectives or goals. The project life cycle has five major stages that most organizations use: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closure. These stages help a project to stay on time, budget, and within scope. As with most plans, a project must broke down into smaller stages depending on the size, scope, and resources that will be in use during the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Project initiation A project must start with an idea. Because everyone has a different idea of what can help a company, all the projects must go through a selection process. During the initiation stage, several steps will be accomplished. All the projects will go to management for review and a selection of the best project given resource limits will get approval. The recognition of benefits of the project will also get an approval from management. All preparations of the documents will need to be complete to help get the project approval. The final step is the assignment of the project manager (Kerzner, 2009). Project planning The planning stage is the most important stage in a projects life cycle. The planning stage is when the aspects of the plan will be laid out on the table. The actual work to accomplish, the quality and quantity of work, and the resource needs to define. A plan of action will be put into place that will include the scheduling of all activities, the budget, the time, and the objectives. Once the plan is put into place, an evaluation of all the risks can be accomplished to ensure the project will be a success (Kerzner, 2009). Project execution The execution stage is when the project work actually starts. During this stage is when the project manager will negotiate for the project team members he or she will need for the project. The project manager will also be directing and managing the work by holding meetings to ensure everyone understands what he or she is to do. The manager will also be working with the team members to help them improve on any process that is not working (Kerzner, 2009). Project monitoring and controlling The project monitoring and controlling phase is one of the critical steps in the process. During the monitoring and controlling phase, the project manager is tracking the progress of the project. In monitoring and controlling the project, the project manager will analyze the variances and know the impacts of the variances if something goes wrong or gets off track. By analyzing the variances and impacts, the project manager will be able to make adjustments if the need arises. Project monitoring and controlling also helps to compare actual outcomes to what the predicted outcome is (Kerzner, 2009). Monitoring and controlling a project will help the project manager see exactly what is going on and what needs fixing before a major crisis can begin. Project Closure The last phase of a project is the project closure. During this phase, the project manager will verify all the work has been completed within time, budget, and specifications the client requires. Once the client has approved the project, the contract will have closure, all financial aspects of the charge numbers will have closure, and all administrative paperwork will have closure (Kerzner, 2009). The project closure process will ensure the project is complete and no other issues will arise. Importance of Using Project Management An organization needs to stay competitive or it will not survive. When an organization initiates a project, project management needs to be in place to ensure several items are not forgotten. Project management helps to elevate barriers that may present itself during the project. Project management will help identify responsibilities to individuals to ensure all activities are accounted for, minimizes continuous reporting activities, identifies time limits, measures accomplishments against plans, can identify problems before the problems become too big to handle, helps with corrective actions of problems, and can improve estimating capabilities for future projects (Kerzner, 2009). Project management is a way for organizations to make sure their projects are on track and can be accomplished within the specifications, time, and budget. Without project management, the project may not even get off the ground, and if the project does start it may not finish at all. Conclusion A project is any task that meets certain criteria such as time, budget, and specific objectives. A project has a life cycle that includes five steps: project initiation, project planning, project execution, project monitoring and control, and project closure. Each step in the project life cycle is important to the success of the project in different ways. One needs to know what the project is, how to progress in the project, working on the project as a team, knowing what is happening during the project, and know when the project is complete. Without the use of project management, organizations may possible not survive in the world market because every day individual’s want new and better items to play with or have in their homes. Project management is an important part of any organizations, and by understanding what a project is, the organization will have an idea of what projects to complete to meet the objectives of the organization and the expectations of its clients.

Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam.

Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam. Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberger. It was initially meant for students of Harvard University. Over the years, it grew to include all universities in Boston and presently it has become global (Phillips 3). There are no charges for registration on the site.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook generates its income from advertising (Phillips 4). It is the biggest site of its kind that focuses on education. Facebook’s management structure has Mark Zuckerberg as Chairman and principal executive officer. The company has operations in many countries around the globe. There are staff members that autonomously manage operations in these countries. The staff may be based in any part of the world because Facebook is Internet based. These people are responsible for daily decisions regarding Facebook operation s in the host country. Policy guidelines are laid out by the principal executive officer, and board of directors has to be considered for every decision. This method of management is quite effective. It allows individuals with knowledge on certain aspects of an economy to guide the business accordingly for achievement of objectives. One of Facebook’s objectives as a business is to connect all people who were part of a school, college or University. A key aspect in the success of any media platform in a country is knowledge of the spoken indigenous language (Kreitner 210). A country like Vietnam has its indigenous language as the official language. This means operation in that country has to be in Vietnamese, and that is what Facebook has done in Vietnam. Vietnam’s economy is growing at a very fast rate. This economic growth and development comes with increased use of certain services. One of these services is the Internet. Many people in developed and emerging economie s access information and disperse news through social media. The economy in South East Asia has not been left behind. There is a rampant use of social media use in Vietnam, and Facebook has the majority of users. Vietnam has become the leader in relation to Facebook users in the region. Users of Facebook in Vietnam are very aggressive in sharing information on political injustice. At the moment, 71.4% of all the people who use the Internet in Vietnam are registered (Thang 20).Advertising Looking for case study on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are about 32 million Internet users in this country going by the latest records. Facebook has around twenty two million users in Vietnam. These are many people by any standards. The rate at which these users increase is also fast. In 2012, there existed only 8.5 million registered users in Vietnam (Thang 20). Fourteen million new users joined Fa cebook in Vietnam within that time. Compare this with Six million users of Facebook who dropped its use in America in a period of one month. No other country in the world has this record of Facebook growth. Examining the two nations in terms of Facebook’s growth, they are the exact opposite when parameters like registrations and usage are considered. Such rates are encouraging to those keen on marketing their businesses in the Vietnamese economy. There is another good side to a population that is aggressive on Facebook. It is the ability to share opinions on issues. Facebook has empowered the people of Vietnam to share their opinion using Facebook. They are no longer afraid to air their opinion through social media (Do 2). The environment in Vietnam is not very conducive for the press. The Vietnamese administration uses a number of tactics to suppress members of the third estate. The targeted are people who raise questions about the conduct of government, and activists who in quire about state accountability on matters related to public finance. These methods of suppression are both physical and legal in their manner of orchestration. The legal means is misuse of permissible instruments meant for ensuring justice. Intimidation from the state has left very few options for dissenting voices. The only way to give one’s opinion on political issues without becoming a target is through the Internet. This is mostly done through social media and blogs (Freedom House 10). Three well known bloggers are under prosecution on charges made up by the government to silence their opinion. They have a good chance of being sentenced to two decades in prison. The charges are dubious and branded as influencing the Vietnamese population through propaganda against the government. The bloggers stirred up the wrath of authorities by questioning the unlawful acquisition of land by the state, and irregularly granting China territorial concessions (Borders (RWB) 4). The Inte rnational Federation for human rights (FIDH) had concerns with the way the Vietnamese authorities were unpredictable and lacked transparency on the topics that the bloggers were barred from covering.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to FIDH, it was a way of intimidating the bloggers (Gaydazhieva 6). There has been an increase in the surveillance of bloggers in Vietnam. Ten years ago, bloggers were not under strict government surveillance. The government has realised that blogs are a â€Å"safe haven† for critics of its policies. It views these platforms as dangerous and capable of igniting a revolution (Thang 26). There is a unit under the ministry of Public Security that monitors Internet users who visit sites that cover politically sensitive issues. The government also perceives websites like Facebook as threats in dispersing information. It is in this regard that it has created its own social network platform. It probably plans to utilise this platform to fortify its Internet monitoring programs for the citizens (Opennet 5). Things are worse at the moment with the state’s enforcement of a Decree called 72. This was done in 1st of September 2013. This legislation is not very clear on issues concerning the media, and touches on certain aspects of bloggers and users of popular social media such as Facebook (J. Phillips 2). Under the legislation, there should be no discussions about political issues or any other information that is not personal in relation to the definition of the authorities in any form of media. It would be criminal to engage in the mentioned exchanges. The state claims that its aim is to protect citizens from becoming corrupt because of the influence of information streaming from other nations (Shubber 3). Most people registered on Facebook in Vietnam could n ot access it for a while because of government restrictions. There is some amount of truth in this belief because Vietnamese authorities believe Facebook has a hand in the social unrest that plagues the country. The conflict is about the high cost of living in a country whose economy used to be stable. Inflation is now over 10%, and the price of rice has considerably increased. The state believes that demonstrations witnessed recently are coordinated through this social media platform. The people of Vietnam are aware of other means to go around government restrictions on access of Facebook. Most of them can access their Facebook accounts through a trick from Google called Domain Name System (DNS). Previously, this go-around did not work. It was only possible to gain access through other advanced tools for bypassing the security checks such as HotpotShield, Tor and a Virtual Private Network (VPN). This troubled access has been on for about two years (Do 1).Advertising Looking for case study on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The method of blockage implemented by Vietnamese authorities does not guarantee that users are denied access compared to what happens in China. China blocks use of such sites from the Internet Service Providers (ISP). Using Internet service providers is more effective than Vietnam’s method (Clark 5). Facebook is the only means Vietnamese can use to share opinions on political matters. Close monitoring and stringent rules leave no other option. People in this country are scared of arrests by the police that results in long sentences or death in police stations (Great Britain Foreign and Commonwealth Office 166). The impact of Facebook in Vietnam cannot be underestimated. This was witnessed on October 4th 2013 with the death of independence hero Vo Nguyen Giap. Many Facebook users in Vietnam put his face in their profiles. Use of pictures without any words was a coded message that is political in nature. It is difficult to prosecute a person on the basis of a morally upright pi cture that has been posted on his profile. There was something similar when China and Vietnam were not in agreement over territorial ownership of some islands. Vietnamese posted pictures showing a Chinese naval officer guarding what was marked as Vietnam territory. Coded message was shared before the restriction on Facebook was imposed in Vietnam. It resulted in demonstrations against China that many Vietnamese believed was violating their country’s sovereignty. Obviously, many of them were not happy about the way their country was run. Citizens of Vietnam believe that there is no capable leader in their country. The only leader that the citizens saw was the late Giap because he liberated them from the colonialists. They find themselves colonised by a waning economy and corrupt leaders (‘’How a Facebook profile has become a political tool in Vietnam’’ 2). It is obvious that the state has noticed this trend. Another Facebook blockage would likely exp ose the leadership at this moment as undemocratic and against any reforms. This means that social media users have a chance to continue with their coded messages. In a country where media freedom is controlled by a regime keen on taming real democracy, this is the citizens’ only platform to express discontent. Vietnamese government has a number of times tried to control Facebook in the same way it does other formal media and blogs. This has not been easy because the Facebook servers used by Vietnam are not within its borders. It has on many occasions requested that Facebook maintains an office in the country. Facebook is reluctant because it wants to protect its revenue generated by users registered in the country. This gives Vietnamese another opportunity to continue sharing coded messages that are political. In Vietnam, the government controls the media directly or indirectly. Editors and many journalists employed in media houses are under a strong influence of the governme nt. In some cases, the Vietnamese government or a high-ranking state official is the majority shareholder of media companies. In addition, the government keeps media chiefs in check by holding regular meetings with them on the content they put out to the public. Foreign journalists are controlled by being given short government work permits. Foreign journalists who do not report favourably about the government will most likely have their work permits revoked (Nguyen 3). The media that lean on only one side of a political divide cannot be trusted to drive change that citizens of Vietnam yearn. In Facebook, users have the option of engaging one another even through the use of coded messages unlike other media controlled by the state. The Internet and Facebook have the ability to bring political change in a society. The Arab spring is a good example of how this feat is achievable. It can be concluded that it brings about liberation to the common man, whether real or imagined (Storck 4) . Facebook as an Internet tool is useful in convincing people about political opinions. This should not be overlooked by any person in power in today’s age. Facebook could become the genesis of involving people in the governance of their country. It can also be a useful way of communication between the government and its citizens (Bunyavejchewin 69). It can be used to propagate harmony in the society. Governments should harness this characteristic because it is a powerful media platform. The legislation proposed by the government of Vietnam cannot be implemented. Even if it is implemented, the costs involved will be so much for the government. Vietnamese administration is trying desperately to keep people from sharing opinions on how their country is governed. This is not the right approach in a world that is connected and full of tech savvy individuals. Vietnamese government should tackle issues of governance raised by its citizens through the same means. There is no use cre ating replica services that are expensive to run. A well-informed government can counter embarrassing demonstrations that it desperately tries to contain by using media professionals. The country stands to benefit from a government that allows media to operate in such a way through increased foreign investment in the sector. In this case, we see how the structure of this social network giant in management helps it in navigating an environment that is not very friendly. Its decision to host servers outside Vietnam has made it the only option for expression of political discontent in an ingenious and immune way. Facebook enables the leaders in Vietnam to realise that they cannot be fully in control of the way people express themselves. It is a simple case that depicts the impact of social media on governance and leadership of nations. Facebook and other social media have been use to bring down governments- case in point the Arab spring. The world is changing in term of the way informa tion is relayed. Governments will soon realise that silencing media platforms is not easy. People can voice their concerns through social media platforms like Facebook when the government gags the main stream media. Bunyavejchewin, Poowin. Internet Politics: Internet as a Political Tool in Thailand. Canadian Social Sciences. Vol 6, No. 3, 2010, pp. 66-72. Academia.edu. Web. Clark, Helen. Facebook in Vietnam: Why the block doesnt work. 5th May 2010. Web. minnpost.com/global-post/2010/10/facebook-vietnam-why-block-doesnt-work. Do, Anh-Minh. How a Facebook profile picture has become a political tool in Vietnam. 15th October 2013. Web. techinasia.com/facebook-profile-picture-political-tool-vietnam/?utm_source=feedburnerutm_medium=feedutm_campaign=Feed%3A+PennOlson+%28Tech+in+Asia%29. Do, Anh-Minh. Vietnams Facebook penetration hits over 70%, adding 14 million users in one year. 25th September 2013. Web. techinasia.com/vietnams-facebook-penetration-hits-70-adding-14-million-users-year/. Freedom House. Vietnam 2013. Web. freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/vietnam. Gaydazhieva, Stanislava. Media: Activists criticise Internet freedom in Vietnam – New Europe. 28th February 2013. Web. marietjeschaake.eu/2013/02/media-activists-criticise-internet-freedom-in-vietnam/. Great Britain: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Annual report on human rights 2009. 2010. London: The Stationary Office. Print. Kreitner, Robert. Management. 2008. New York: Cengage Learning, Print. Nguyen, Giang. Vietnam. 1st January 2010. Web. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Media_Landscapes/Vietnam.pdf. Opennet: Vietnam 2012. Web. https://opennet.net/research/profiles/vietnam Phillips, Jak. ‘The Civil Disobedience of the 21st Century’: How Vietnamese Bloggers Evade Controls. 1st October 2013. Web. http://world.time.com/2013/09/30/the-civil-disobedience-of-the-21st-century-how-vietnamese-bloggers-evade-controls/. Phillips, Sarah. A brief history o f Facebook. 25th July 2007. Web. theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia. Reporters Without Borders (RWB). Special report: Crackdown on the media and dissent in Vietnam. 25th September 2013. Web. . Shubber, Kadhim. Vietnam to ban discussion of news on social media sites. 6th August 2013. Web. wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-08/06/vietnam-decree-72. Storck, Madeline 2011, The Role of Social Media in Political Mobilisation: a casestudy of the January 2011 Egyptian Uprising. PDF file. 20th December 2011. Thang, Nguyen Lang. Vietnams press freedom shrinks despite open economy. 19th September 2012. Web. http://cpj.org/reports/2012/09/vietnams-press-freedom-shrinks-despite-open-economy.php.

12 Fantastic Volunteer Opportunities for Teens

12 Fantastic Volunteer Opportunities for Teens SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Interested in volunteering? Volunteering is a great extracurricular activity that looks good on college applications. Volunteering shows colleges that you dedicated your time and effort to helping others! Not sure what volunteer opportunities are available to you? There are a lot to choose from! In this article, I’ll tell you what volunteering entails, list the types of volunteer opportunities for teens, and give a brief description of each. What Does Volunteering Entail? The exact tasks you’ll be doing while volunteering will vary by volunteer activity. However, all volunteering is essentially like having an unpaid job.You’ll be given a specific set of duties (which will vary based on where you choose to volunteer - if you're working at an animal shelter you’ll have different tasks than if you're working as a tutor for homeless youth). As a volunteer, you’ll be trained for your specific job, and you’ll be required to make a time commitment.Most (if not all) volunteer programs spend time and money training you to be a volunteer. They want to make sure that if they’re going to spend resourceson you that you’re committed to them.They expect you to commit to volunteering for at least one shift per week for a few months if not a full year.Again, the exact commitment will vary by volunteer program. Below, I’ll explain how to find out exactly what your volunteer work will involveand how to sign up to be a volunteer. 6Types of Teen Volunteer Opportunities I’ve organized this list of volunteer opportunities for teens into six subcategories: Hospitals Animals People in Need Literacy and Education Museums Community and Environment NOTE: Exact opportunities will vary by location.If you live in or close to a metropolitan area (New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, etc.), you’ll likely have access to all of these volunteer opportunities. If you live in a more rural area, you may have access to feweropportunities. HospitalVolunteer Opportunities Thinking abouta career in medicine? Being a hospital volunteer is a great way to test out that interest and see if you enjoy working in a hospital setting.Typically, you have to be 16 or older to volunteer, and the hospital volunteer jobs you’ll be allowed to do as a teen will be more limited than hospital volunteer jobs for adults ( i.e. you won’t be allowed to do any jobs that require driving). For more information on hospital volunteer opportunities along with information on how to sign up, read our complete guide to being a hospital volunteer. Animal-Related Volunteer Opportunities Love animals? Interested in being a veterinarian or zoologist? Just hoping to play with animals in your spare time?There are several different animal-related volunteer opportunities for teens. One option is beingan animal shelter volunteer (usually you have to be 16 or older).As an animal shelter volunteer, it’ll be work first and then play. You’ll spend a lot of time cleaning up after the animals, feeding the animals, and helping potential adopters through the adoption process. After finishing these tasks, you will get to play with the animals.For more information on what being an animal shelter volunteer entails, along with information on how to sign up, read our guide to volunteering at an animal shelter. If you’re too young to be an animal shelter volunteer or if you don’t have the time to dedicate to working shifts every week at the animal shelter, consider signing up to be a foster volunteer.This opportunity means taking care of an animal at your house until it is adopted. You’ll need your parent's support and permission to foster animals. If you’re interested in being a foster volunteer, make sure that you and your family have the time to dedicate to caring for the animals you foster. If you’re interested in working with wild animals (rather than dogs and cats) or if you’re too young to volunteer at an animal shelter, you might want to see if you can be an animal sanctuary volunteer or zoo volunteer. Typically, you only need to be 14 or older to volunteer at an animal sanctuary or zoo.You will only be able to take advantage of this opportunity if you have an animal sanctuary or zoo in your area. If you don’t, the next best opportunity will be being an animal shelter volunteer. Before starting your volunteer work, most zoos/sanctuaries require you undergo a training program (the length of time will vary). During the training program, you’ll learn about conservation and ecology issues, biomes, and the species of the plants and animals at the zoo/sanctuary. Why do zoos and sanctuaries make you undergo an intensive training program?As a volunteer, you’ll be assisting with the educational programs offered there. You may even be running some of the lectures by yourself. The zoo/sanctuary wants you to be extremely informed so that you’ll be able to answer the questions you’re asked by visitors. Note: As a zoo/sanctuary volunteer, you most likely will not be allowed to interact with the animals. The people who work at these placeshave years of training and experience. These animals can be dangerous and need to be handled with care.You will not be getting the same training and will therefore not be allowed to have the same interactions with animals.Instead, you'll be doing the activities mentioned above (helping with educational programs and lectures). If you’re interested in signing up to be a zoo/sanctuary volunteer, conduct a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Zoo Volunteer† or â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Animal Sanctuary Volunteer† to find opportunities in your area. People in Need Volunteer Opportunities Interested in helping the homeless? Consider volunteering at your local soup kitchen.As a soup kitchen volunteer, you might cook food, help distribute food to the homeless, and clean up the food and plates/utensils. Note:Soup kitchen volunteering is oftennot as regimented as other volunteer opportunities. Many soup kitchens allow you to just show up for a shift without signing up in advance. Also, many soup kitchens are only open a few days per week. However, this will vary by soup kitchen. To find a local soup kitchen andtheir volunteer policies, Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Soup Kitchen Volunteer.† If you’d like a slightly more regular volunteer activity that helps the homeless, consider signing up to be a food bank volunteer. Food banks typically allow volunteers 14 and older.As a food bank volunteer, you’ll help sort, inspect, and repackage donated food items from local food drives and donations.It can be a tediousjob, but it’s very important to make sure families in need are getting good, non-perishable food. To find a local food bank, Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Food Bank Volunteer.† Interested in helping the elderly?You should consider volunteering at your local nursing home.As a nursing home volunteer, you might help with meal delivery, cleaning up meals, helping the elderly with daily tasks, or entertaining an elderly person (by reading to them, talking to them, watching movies with them, etc.). To find a local nursing home, Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Nursing Home Volunteer.† Interested in construction? Want to help people in your community find homes? Likeworking with your hands? Consider becoming a volunteer with Habitat for Humanity.As a volunteer, you’ll be assisting in the construction of homes for people who couldn’t otherwise afford a house. You’ll be putting nails in the walls, painting, and more.Habitat for Humanity operates in most of the US. To find an opportunity near you, check out the Habitat for Humanity website. Literacy and Education Volunteer Opportunities Love being around books? You should consider being a library volunteer.As a library volunteer, you may organize books, help repair books, help visitors locate books, help visitors use the computer, or help younger students with their homework. Find out how to sign up to volunteer at your local library by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] library volunteer.† Interested in becoming a teacher or helping other students with their homework? You should consider becoming a volunteertutor.As a tutor, you’ll help elementary or middle school students with their homework. There are various volunteer tutoring organizations throughout the country. Consider checking outSchool on Wheels, which offers free tutoring to homeless youth. It's a great option because you can participate no matter where you live.If you live in an area where School on Wheels operates, you will meet up with the program participants in person and tutor them one-on-one.If you live outside the area in which School on Wheels operates, you can still volunteer by becoming an online tutor, and you’ll tutor via Skype (or a similar program). To become a tutor, you must have a 3.0 GPA or better and must submit a letter of recommendation from a current teacher.To learn more about volunteering through School on Wheels, visit their website. Do you love writing? Consider checking out 826, which needs volunteers for their free after-school tutoring as well as other programs (field trips/writing workshops). 826 offers free tutoring and other programs to encourage students to get excited about their writing. There are 826 branches in Los Angeles, Valencia, NYC, Boston, Chicago, Michigan, and Washington, D.C. To explore other volunteer tutor opportunities in your area,Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] VolunteerTutor.† Museum Volunteer Opportunities Interested in someday working at a museum? Have a fascination with art, science or history?You may want to be a museum volunteer. Most museums offer volunteer programs for teens ages 16 or older.If you live in a rural area, you may not have access to this opportunity, or you might be more limited in your museum volunteer opportunities ( i.e. you might only have an art museum to volunteer at but no natural history museum).Find out what museums are in your area by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] museum.† As a museum volunteer, you’ll educate guests about museum exhibits, conduct workshops and demonstrations for visitors, and/or provide administrative support (help with ticketing and directing visitors).Find a museum volunteer opportunity in your area by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] [Museum Name] volunteer.† Community and Environmental Volunteer Opportunities Interested in helping the environment? Consider signing up to be a beach cleanup volunteer or forest/park/nature cleanup volunteer.Similar to being a soup kitchen volunteer, volunteering to do a cleanup is not as regimented as other volunteer opportunities. You usually just sign up to do one day and then can sign up for future cleanups if you want. You do not need to make a long-term volunteeringcommitment. As a cleanup volunteer, you’ll be helping pick up garbage on the beach or in the forest or park.This is an extremely important for reducing pollution and helping little creatures (many ingest or get tangled in our trash). To find a cleanup opportunity near you, search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] [beach, forest, or park] cleanup volunteer.† Do you enjoy gardening? Look into becoming a volunteer in a local community garden.This is a non-traditional volunteer opportunity in that you most likely will not be interacting with people. You’ll likely be given a portion of a community garden thatyou’re responsible for maintaining. Don’t worry! You don’t need to be a gardening whiz. You’ll receive training and support from the coordinators. Find a garden volunteer opportunity in your area by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] community garden volunteer.† How Should You ChooseYour Volunteer Opportunity? With so many volunteer opportunities available to you, how should you decide what to do? To pick the perfect volunteer opportunity, you need to ask yourself a few questions. First, what are your interests? Do you love reading? Consider volunteering at a library. Do you love science? Mayvolunteering at a science museum is the best option for you. Is there a future career you'd like to explore?Are you interested in potentially being a doctor or nurse? Consider volunteering at a hospital to test out that career path. Are you thinking aboutbeing a veterinarian? Consider volunteering at an animal shelter. What are your favorite causes? Do you aspire to stop climate change? Consider volunteering for a beach/park/forest cleanup. Do you want to help the homeless? You may want to volunteerat a food bank or soup kitchen. How much time do you have to commit to your volunteer opportunity? Can you commit to volunteering for 4 hours every other week? If you can, great! You can do any of the opportunities listed above. However, if you're not able to commit to volunteering that often, consider trying to volunteer at a cleanup or at a soup kitchen, both of which require no long-term commitment. What is the age requirement?Most of the volunteer opportunities require you to be 16 or older, so if you're younger, your options may be somewhat limited. If you're under 16,you can volunteer at a soup kitchen, food bank, or zoo. You might be able to do one of the other volunteer opportunities, but you'll have to contact the specific volunteer programs to ask. Would you rather work with people, animals, or by yourself?Most volunteer opportunities listed above involve interactions with people and helping people. However, you don't have to work with people. If you volunteer at an animal shelter, you'll be working mostly with animals, and as a garden volunteer, you'll work primarily alone. Take all of these considerations into account when picking your volunteer opportunity, and hopefully, the answers to these questions will guide you to the perfectvolunteer match! Why Should You Volunteer? Volunteering has many benefits.Through volunteering, you'll get to explore a passion you have (such as literature or medicine).Also, by volunteering, you can support a cause you love such as helping the homeless.You can also meet like-minded students, who share your passion or want to support that cause. Volunteering is a great opportunity to test out whether you’d like to pursue a specific career (such as medicine, education, etc.).It's great to try and find your passion in high school, so you don't waste time and money during college trying to figure out what you want to major in.If you don’t enjoy volunteering at a hospital, maybe pre-med isn’t for you.If you love volunteering at an animal shelter, maybe you should pursue a career as a veterinarian. Volunteering is also a great extracurricular for your college application.It shows you selflessly dedicated your time and effort to helping others!Additionally, volunteering is a free experience that won’t cost you anything other than time. However, there are a few negative aspects of volunteer work.Volunteering can be extremely time-consuming.If you’re passionate about your volunteer work, hopefully, you'll be willing to dedicate 4 or more hours per week (or every other week) to volunteering.If you don’t like your volunteer work, you may find the time commitment to be a burden. If you don’t have the time to commit to regular volunteer work, consider trying one of the volunteer opportunities with no lengthy time commitment (such as being a soup kitchen volunteer or beach cleanup volunteer). Some students may find their volunteer work boring.As I said above, at a lot of these jobs, you’ll be doing menial work (cleaning up, answering phones).I still think it's valuable to try volunteering. If you don’t enjoy your initial volunteer work, consider looking into a different volunteer opportunity or looking into an entirely different extracurricular activity. What’s Next? Interested in learning about other extracurricular activities? Learn more about joining student council or joining a sports team. Do you want to volunteerover the summer? Learn more about the best volunteer abroad programs. Interested in doing a pre-college program over the summer? Learn more about Emory Pre-College Program and Boston University Summer Challenge. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Socciological Reasearch Proposal- Violence and gun control Term Paper

Socciological Reasearch Proposal- Violence and gun control - Term Paper Example ops as â€Å"armed forces† and the importance of maintaining our firepower has been identified throughout the human history, which the firearm has helped to shape. The father of the nation have identified the necessity of arming the citizen to protect themselves and made it a part of the constitution for them to possess arms However, comparing to other countries United States have more fatalities due to fire arm violence. It is widely observed that the United States has basically higher rates of gun violence because its gun control measures are not as rigid as those found in Great Britain, Australia and Japan. The rate of gun related homicides in United States is more along with other fatalities involving gun. â€Å"President Bill Clinton initiated a $15 million program directed at lowering the number of guns in and around housing projects. When the people bring guns to local police stations they received fifty dollars on each weapon; these were then destroyed† (Squires 2001) Gun violence is an issue of major concern in America. US have a high gun murder rate as compared to England and other countries where Gun control rules are stricter. Gun control has been a controversial issue for years. A vast majority of citizens believe that, if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. According to(La Follette 2001) â€Å" Based upon the production data from manufacturers of fire arms there around 300 million firearms owned by citizens in the United States as of 2010. Among them, about 100 million are handguns†. This shows the rate of guns owned by the citizens and risk of violence prevalent in the country. He suggests that 16,272 murders occurred in the United States in the year of 2008. About 10,886 or 67% were performed with firearms. It is very important to ensure the safety of the public by implementing a gun control system. If the children find gun at home they can use by not knowing the consequences of it. A much planned law and

Information Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Systems - Assignment Example The main goal of the SAMS-E system is to automate processes such as unit level reporting, unit level maintenance supply, and issuing reports on field and sustainment support. The system supports different elements of unit level maintenance as well as shop production roles of sustainment and Field maintenance. The SAMS-E system has various benefits and disadvantages like any other information system. One of the most significant benefits of the system is decentralization of management processes I the US Army. The system allows for top management to exercise their managerial responsibilities and monitor army operations at lower levels of the structure. With the system, the army is able to manage various units scattered around the world from one central place. This has come with various other benefits to the army because it ensures accountability of leaders in the army. The system is able to provide timely delivery of information and reports on various issues thus facilitating management processes. Another advantage emerging from the system is facilitating coordination of various specialized army projects and decision-making. The system ensures efficiency and consistency of decision-making processes regarding management to of army equipment. With this system in place, the top leadership of t he army will be aware of emerging problems and issues in various departments and units in various regions, in the world and be in a position to make appropriate and relevant decisions using the information available in the system. One other advantage of the SAMS-E system is integration of various units and processes in the army. This system will greatly enhance the organizational structure of the army by integrating management of various resources such as the army equipment, facilities, funds, and personnel. The system will also integrate planning processes, coordination and

United States Money History Essay Example for Free

United States Money History Essay Money is something societies have almost always had, whether it was in the form of trading, shells, or coins. Money is a currency of exchange, and exactly what is used as money doesn’t really matter, as long as the society agrees that it has value. In the United States, money has typically been coins made from precious metals or paper, all of which is backed by gold in the United States treasury. Around 1800 in the United States, the money system that is in place today was just beginning to be formed. At the beginning of the 1800’s, there was only one bank. By 1816, a second bank had begun, and it was chartered for twenty years. At this time, both coins and paper money were already being issued. When the charter was up on the second bank, about 1600 state-chartered private banks came into existence, and also issued paper currency, which was relatively new still (Pfiester). The â€Å"dollar† was already the official US currency, though, which had been issued in the late 1700’s (Factmonster). However, the paper money that the banks produced in the mid-1800’s was not standardized. Banks issued their own variety of money, which resulted in over 30,000 different designs. Money was easily counterfeited, and there was confusion in what was real money and what was not. By the late 1800’s, as the Civil War was gearing up, Congress was pressed into providing paper money via the US Treasury Department. These stayed in circulation until the 1970’s. This new money was designed with anti-counterfeiting measures, including blue and red fibers embedded in the money and the treasury seal (Pfiester). Until 1853, silver was the United States metal of choice. The silver dollar was the primary currency used. In 1853, the government replaced the silver dollar with the promise of gold. Dollar bills came out around this time, and other notes, with references to gold written on them (Davies). Until 1857, all foreign coins were considered legal currency in the United States, as most were made of precious metals like gold or silver. In 1857, the government finally decided that it had built enough support for its own currency that it did not need to accept these forms anymore. At this point, coins were only used for smaller exchanges anyway (Davies). In the early 1930’s, most currency had references to gold written on it. Gold was always used to back up money, and could be used instead of money if people owned some. A bank note, or dollar bill, was used as a promise that the government would pay. In fact, the phrase â€Å"Secured By United States Certificates Of Indebtedness Or One-Year Gold Notes, Deposited With The Treasurer Of The United States Of America† was printed on it. Gold continued to be a reference on the money through the printing of the 1928 $100 Gold Certificate. In 1934, the government stopped mentioning gold on all of the money, and made it illegal to own gold as currency (Privateer Market Letter). 1929 saw a standardization in design which, in combination with other measures, helped reduce the counterfeit rate from 25% of currency in circulation to only 1%. In 1990, microprinting and a security thread were added to further combat counterfeiting (Pfeister). Colors were introduced into the money in the early 2000’s, in addition to creating oversized pictures of presidents and placing them slightly off-center. Also, there was printing on the bills only visible under a microscope, then making it nearly impossible to counterfeit. Counterfeiting was a problem from the beginning of money, and as individuals got more sophisticated in their capabilities, Congress responded by issuing more measures against counterfeiting (Factmonster). Money has changed over the years, from being purely the trade of precious metals handled by private citizens or small local banks to being a nationally controlled system where bills and coins are backed by gold. The system developed out of necessity, primarily, and is useful still today. Money continues to change as the government issues new bills, different types of bills, and works to phase out the dollar bill, among other changes. The U. S. money history clearly lead to today’s money world. Bibliography Davies, Roy (2005). â€Å"Money in North American History. † Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. ex. ac. uk/~RDavies/arian/northamerica. html. â€Å"U. S. Money History (2005). † Fact Monster. Pearson Education, Inc. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. factmonster. com/ipka/A0774856. html. Pfiester, Ron (2001). â€Å"History of US Paper Money. † Ron’s Currency. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. ronscurrency. com/rhist. htm. â€Å"A History of U. S. Paper Money (2001). † The Privateer Market Letter. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. the-privateer. com/paper. html.

America in 1934 Essay -- American History

America in 1934 In the Midwest, farmers were losing their land to mortgage foreclosures. American tourist deaths were attributed to a terrorist attack. A president known for his effective use of the media governed the United States. The U.S. cooperated in a change of government in the Philippines. Parents and churches criticized motion pictures for eroding American morals. And Appalachian State, after setting a new enrollment record, received favorable publicity in a national magazine. Sound familiar? Think again; you're 55 years off. The year was 1934 in the U.S.A. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration, part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, provided relief funds to just under seventeen million Americans to offset "the hardships and suffering caused by unemployment" in the Great Depression. Leading the state relief parade was North Dakota, 34% of whose population received federal funds. In New York just under two million were on the dole (Lyman 71-72). By manipulating gold and silver prices, President Roosevelt hoped to cut Depression inflation. The Gold Reserve Act established a maximum limit of 60% for the gold value of the U.S. dollar. It allowed the President to set the price of gold at $35 per ounce. The Silver Purchase Act directed the Secretary of the Treasury to buy silver until the metal reached 25% of U.S. money reserves or until its price reached $1.29 per ounce (Leuchtenburg 13). On 9 February President Roosevelt ended all government air mail contracts with airlines and ordered the Army to fly the mails. Roosevelt took this measure to deprive commercial airlines of scandalously high financial arrangements, but his plans failed because of the Army Air Corps' inability to handle the job. After the ... ...t Record at A.S.T.C." Watauga Democrat 4 Oct. 1934: 1. "Normal Child." Time 27 Aug. 1934: 50. "North Carolina Builds Shrine to First Colony." New York Times 1 July 1934: 18. Old Gold. Advertisement. (Raleigh) News and Observer 13 June 1934: 14. "Poor White's Art." Time 10 Sept. 1934: 33. Phillips, Cabell. The New York Times Chronicle of American Life: From the Crash to the Blitz 1929-1939. New York: Mac Millan, 1969. "Receive Honorary Degrees." (Raleigh) News and Observer 13 June 1934: 1. Reichler, Joseph L., ed. The Baseball Encyclopedia. 4th ed. New York: Mac Millan, 1979. Shale, Richard, comp. Academy Awards. New York: Ungar, 1978. "Ruth's Record of 700 Home Runs Likely to Stand for All Time in Major Leagues." New York Times 14 July 1934: 8. "Sophisticates Abroad." Time 16 April 1934: 77. Stern Brothers. Advertisement. New York Times 1 July 1934: 10.

Management Proposed by Fayol Essay

Critically examine the functions (elements or processes) of management proposed by Fayol. Explain why these functions are relevant (or otherwise) to today’s managers. The twentieth century has bought upon us a number of management theories which have helped to shape the overall view of management in the present environment of business. Many of those theories have stood the test of time and are still often referred to in the management world of today. One of the most famous theories referred to in management is that of Henri Fayol. Henri, a French engineer became somewhat of a hero for resurrecting a troubled mining company in which he worked, and turning it into one of France’s most successful businesses (Daft 2003). Born in 1841 and dying in 1925, Fayol spent most of his working life as a manager, where he drew upon personal experiences to facilitate in the creation of his theory of administration. In his most significant work, General and Industrial Management, Fayol discussed and identified five basic functions of management, which he believed every manager needed to perform. These were: planning, organising, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. These functions, although have been condescended down to four; planning, organising, leading and controlling, still underline much of the general approach to today’s management (Draft 2003). Although, the usefulness of Henri Fayol’s classical functions have come under question about their relevance in current managerial activities by a number of professionals, Fayol’s functions still continue to shape and have underlining influence on the basis in which managers perform in the business world of today. Planning If you have no particular destination in mind, it does not matter what road you take. However if you have somewhere in particular you want to go, then you have to plan the best way you can to get there (Robbins et al.2008). This phrase demonstrates the shear importance that planning has in managerial roles to an organisation. As organisations exist to achieve purpose, someone must clearly define that purpose and what is needed in order to reach achievement. That someone is management. Planning is the process in which managers use to identify and select appropriate goals and courses of action (Waddell et al. 2009). Without the definition of goals, the establishment of strategies to be used in order to achieve, and the development of plans that will be used to integrate activities, then an organisation simply will not continue to exist. Managers, therefore today must be aware of the many circumstances that surround the organisation. For instance their environment, whether it is the general environment, the task or even internal, managers must be aware of the effects these areas could have on the organisation not only in the present but also for the future. With suitable planning and strategies put in place, managers can help the organisation avoid such extremes as bankruptcy, with strong planning efforts regarding direction and demographic trends, growth and acquisitions. Therefore the first function of planning, proposed by Fayol to any organisation is not only relevant to the world in which business operates today, but also the potential to add huge value to the current and future aspects of that organisation. Organising Managers today are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organisation’s goals (Robbins et al. 2008). Typically following planning, organising is the process managers use to establish a structure of working relationships that allow organisational members to interact and cooperate to achieve organisational goals (Waddell et al. 2009). Today’s managers determine the tasks that need to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom and what level decisions are to be made (Robbins et al. 2008). The relevance of organising to mangers today is to create structure, which is organised with all the necessary resources. With structure, managers give employees appointed tasks, lines of authority and decision responsibility. This in turn provides employees with a sense of ownership and control over their jobs and thus strengthens initiative from them (Yoo, lemak, Choi 2006), helping to create an organisation that achieves goals. Coordinating Fayol’s management concept of coordinating sees managers encouraging direct personnel activity. Coordinating is the laying out of timing and sequencing of activities and harmonizing them all (Fells 2000). Mangers that are able to maintain the balance between the activities of the organisation, are able to succeed in creating an organisation that can come together to face problems of common interest that can surround different areas of the organisation, for instance, the many departments. The value of this concept is high, as managers from different areas within the organisation can band together and communicate as well as forecast possible problems, while offering short or long term solutions. Commanding As the word commanding suggests, managers must take authority and put the desired plan into action (Fells 200). The value of commanding in managerial roles today is important and has relevance as managers verify whether everything occurs in conformity with the plan adopted, the instructions issue and principles established (Lamond 2004) that have been previously set. Controlling After the goals have been set and plans are formulated, the structural arrangements determined, people are motivated, there has to be some evaluation of whether things are going to plan (Robbins et al. 2008) Controlling, is the function of managers evaluating how well an organisation is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance (Waddell et al. 2009). This function is an important concept in organisational management as it demonstrates the successfulness of the organisation in terms of the achievement of goals that have been put in place by the managers. The value of controlling is extremely important, as managers are able to monitor what needs to be improved by comparing the information to performance standards and taking corrective action where necessary. Managers must ensure that the organisation is moving towards its goal and performance does not deviate from standards. Without control from managers organisational goals are not monitored and therefor e many not be accomplished affecting the overall performance of the organisation as a whole, making control very relevant to the managerial positions in business today. In conclusion, Henri Fayol’s principles of management provide and continue to provide a general management perspective for practicing managers today and an instructional tool for academics teaching in the field of management (Yoo, lemak Choi 2006). Fayol has provided a general framework for practising managers (Yoo, Lemak, Choi 2006), by which the functions of planning, organising, coordinating, commanding and controlling have a bearing connection with the practicing of managers in any managerial position across a vast number of organisations, no matter the size or level. Therefore making Fayol’s principles an essential for building strong teams and stronger organisations in today’s Business environment. References: Waddell, D, Devine, J, Jones, G & George, J, 2009, Contemporary Management, McGraw – Hill Australia Pty Ltd, North Ryde, NSW. Robbins, S, Bergman, R, Stagg, I & Coulter, M, 2008, Management 5 (Fifth Edition), Person Education Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW. Daft, R.L, 2003, Management (Sixth Edition), Thomson Learning – South-Western United States of America, Mason, Ohio. Yoo, JW, Lemak, DJ & Choi, Y, 2006, ‘Principles of management and competitive strategies: using Fayol to implement Porter’, Journal of Management History, Vol. 12 No 4, pp.352-368, 23 July 2010, Emerald Research Database. Lamond, D, 2004, ‘A matter of style: reconciling Henri and Henry’, Journal of Management Decision, Vol. 42 No 2, pp330-356, 23 July 2010, Emerald Research Database. Fells, MJ, 2000, ‘Fayol stands the test of time’, Journal of Management History, Vol. 6 No 8, pp 345-360.

Proud to Be a Woman Essay

â€Å"First Bone of a Woman† by Patricia Wellingham-Jones and â€Å"Afternoon in the Garden† are two poems that present the creation of the first woman and explore the nature of womanhood through the behavior, speech and descriptions of her. The authors addressed the story of creation differently through the use of alliteration, figurative language and symbol. â€Å"First Bone of a Woman,† describes in full detail the configuration of the female body as it is being constructed and focuses on the beauty and strength of her figure while â€Å"Afternoon in the Garden,† involves a complete and detailed version of the first woman’s day in the Garden of Eden and the meaningful discoveries she encounters that are not explored in other versions: â€Å"Then God created the woman: But for Adam there was not found a helper comparable to him. And the lord  God caused a deep sleep to fall on Adam, and he slept; and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its place. Then the rib which the lord God had taken from man He made into a woman, and He brought her to the man. And Adam said: â€Å"This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and they shall become one flesh† (NIV Gen 2:18-24). We begin reading â€Å"First Bone of a Woman† with a specific understanding that Wellingham-Jones is referring to the extraction of Adams rib to create his counterpart, Eve. â€Å"Flesh pads the jointed structure, soft skin covers the curves† is a specific example of Walders’ use of alliteration and figurative language to describe the smooth contour of a woman’s body as she is coming together piece by piece (Patricia Wellingham-Jones 6). The author’s repetition of sounds points the reader to importance of the actual physical structure that may otherwise be overlooked without the employment of such poetic device. In many ways this is reminiscent of Davi Walders’ poem when she is referring to the apricot and describes the â€Å"sun on its flesh† (Walders 44-45). The repeated â€Å"s† and â€Å"c† sounds helps to communicate that  the female body is feminine and light and should be thought of in a beautiful and fruitful fashion. As the sounds roll off of your tongue and as you read the works aloud you will find that they flow softly as the authors intend to describe the female figure. In some ways the author’s use of figurative language and symbol seem to be the strongest literary devices used in their poems to create unique portrayals of the early creation of woman and their role in womanhood. â€Å"Afternoon in the Garden† Walders describes the moment that the first woman shows her independence and uniqueness. Rather than seeing her choice to taste the fruit as a naà ¯ve and irresponsible choice that could lead to trouble, Walders presents the firs t woman’s decisions as thoughtful and experimental. Walders describes the first woman as she wonders through the garden on her exploration: There’s that other fruit. He calls it â€Å"apple†. I think It’s not. It needs another name. (Davi Walders 41-43). Walders begins to present the first woman as an individual capable of thought and decision and not merely made to be Adam’s entertainment. Although she is merely describing the picking and naming of fruit, this alludes to the idea that the first woman has a mind and ability to make judgments of her own to help satisfy her man. The fruits in this poem, apple and apricot symbolize a woman’s independence and her need for variation and excitement. This helps to support Walders’ exploration of womanhood as good and essential. The main character goes on to say: I’ll pluck one with the sun On its flesh. It will not squash Or stain, has no thorns. I’ll call It â€Å"apricot†, bring an apple as well. Then he will tell the difference. A treat to share when he awakes. Then I shall sing of the joy†¦ Of learning to be a good wife. (Walders 44-54) Not only is Walders using this type of language of describing the fruits to show that she has conscious thoughts, but she also has the ability to use them to entice and pleasure her husband. The words, â€Å"I think: and â€Å"I’ll  pluck one with the sun†¦ on its flesh† clearly emphasizes the connection between the woman’s smooth body and alluring features as she explains she will bring the fruit to her husband to share as a treat together (Walders43-45). Walders is making a clear statement that a woman has the ability to make decisions, choose to go where she wants, when she wants and return in time to still make her husband happy after he has had his time to nap for the afternoon. They both work together in the garden but they each have their own roles. She is not there to serve Adam as we have read in the Bible but more as her own person able to express independent thought and virtue. While he does the majority of the physical labor, she will go out and fill her need for change and difference and excitement while she explores her own identity and goes off to define their world as they are learning and growing each day both together and separately. If Walders did not state these words, â€Å"I think† and â€Å"on its flesh† we may not be able to conclude that she is so adamantly stating a woman has independent thoughts and deserves to be viewed as an asset to the future of our lives as we know them. In contrast to â€Å"Afternoon in the Garden† the poem â€Å"First Bone of a Woman† in its literal description of the creation of the body, â€Å"The first bone of a woman shines with a spectral glow, knits itself to another until the framework brackets its form† (Wellingham-Jones 2-3). Wellingham-Jones is describing the formation of the body and the ability for each piece to easily connect from one to the next. This poems comes across as the strong, foundation of a female structure that not only has shape, but attractiveness necessary for a woman, while â€Å"Afternoon in the Garden† concentrates primarily on the discoveries that the first woman has during her explorations in the garden. â€Å"Soft skin covers the curves† is most certainly the author’s way of reminding the reader of a woman’s beauty and sexual attractiveness (Wellingham-Jones 6). Without these lines the poem would read more like a blueprint to build a stick figure while the addition of these lines guides the audience to the sensual curves of a woman’s body. In many ways we forget that women are not only physical beings, both hard working and nurturing, but we are also loving and sensual being capable and requiring attention and affection. Patricia Wellington-Jones and Davi Walders approach their stories with unique and distinct voices. While Wellington Jones’ poem, â€Å"First Bone of a Woman† explores the creation of the  female body as first understood by the biblical story presented to us in the story of Adam and Eve, she adds her own exciting idea that once the female body begun to take on its own shape it became an individual with a womanly nature and no longer would be reliant upon a man for her definition. The man and the woman would complement each other. Davi Walders poem, â€Å"Afternoon in the Garden† explores the diversity of a woman and her abilities to make decisions and entertain herself as well as contribute to the growth and prosperity of the world. Walders depicts womanhood being expressed through exploration and contribution. Both poems present the creation of the first woman in a manner that the topic of womanhood can be viewed in a more substantial and important role than in other works available.

Basics of the Communist Manifesto essays

Basics of the Communist Manifesto essays Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto was most appealing to and revolutionary for the industrial workers of 1848 (and those to come after that time). The call for the unification of the proletariat and the abolishment of the Bourgeoisie was an urgent one during a time of rapid progress in all aspects of industrial life. This urgency of The Communist Manifesto and the desire for a change of political ideologies (to match the exponential rate of progress of wealth and industry) created not only a spate of revolutions but a long-lasting change in political ideas for industrialized European nations. The Communist Manifesto created a sense of unity and class awareness throughout the proletariat, thus they were able to recognize their power politically, socially and economically. Naturally, with the sudden rise of industry (particularly in England) other sectors of the European economy were affected. Cottage industries were put out of business by competition from manufactured goods and agricultural workers migrated to the cities. Not only did the farming economy change drastically, but the urban setting where migrants came for employment expanded rapidly. These changes in labor practices and the economic landscape as a whole were most unsettling and unfair for the industrial workers of the 1840s. Conditions were often poor and a very distinct line was drawn between rich and poor, factor owner and factory laborer. The oppressed industrial working classes, or proletariat in 1845, according to Fredrick Engles existed as a piece of capital for the use of which the manufacturer pays interest under the name of wages. They worked grueling hours, endured beatings from factory managers, were often ill as a result of working conditions, and were paid enough for only the most meager existence. Marx's vision of Communist society offers the deprived with the hopeful message that "in Communist society, accumulated labor is but a means to widen, to enrich...

Condolence Letter to Business Colleague for Lost Job

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Warfare about Product Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

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Coach Case External Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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RXD Marketing Plan - Assignment Example Within a span of two years, the products had spread across the world enabling RXD to set up fourty stores. With the increased demand in ballerina shoes, the company intends to put some of its stores in France. Ballerina shoes come in different forms depending on the purpose unto which it is to be put into. Some of ballerina shoes are; loafer, indoor accessories, snowfall and Tonka. This paper is going to cover the market exploration of ballerina shoes in France. The French people like luxurious lifestyle. They are in love with social places like eating and drinking joint. This culture is very common among the urban population. Material comfort goes hand in hand with this kind of living. RXD has to select a reference group which will help her do the sale of her products in this new market. The company needs to address some of the concerns in mind and more so those that pertains to the longevity of their product in the market of France. In a bid to realize this, RXD plans to engage the professionals, modern women and the fashion designers. The company also intends to take advantage of the France flexible business laws favouring sale of shoes and shoe manufacturers. The customer’s life cycle needs to be put into consideration. In this cycle the customer’s age and stage will be analysed. This will determine their reach, acquisition, conversion, retention and loyalty to the product. Since there are no stores for any of the RXD products, customers will be the first to be reached. The occupation and economic states the country’s population of the target customers’ will have to be considered. The company targets a fourteen million people aged between twenty and fourty years old. This population is believed to be stable enough to by the shoes. The customers’ way of living, opinions, attitudes and cognitions as well as their self concept will have to be considered. The lifestyle of professional ladies for instance

Dove Campaign For Real Beauty Media Essay

Dove Campaign For Real Beauty Media Essay VIDEO: The video Evolution starts with an ordinary fair girl sitting against a camera. Now the movement starts with some professionals (make-up artists) start applying make-up on her step by step and finally it shows how this ordinary looking girl is converted to a beautiful model. Not only this, the further step involved the digital alteration of a picture of her to make her even better looking. Afterwards, this final picture is used at a billboard and the line below it captures this: No wonder our perception of beauty is distorted. To move further, this final picture is used to advertise an unreal beauty product on a billboard. This whole make-up video was posted on Youtube and it was viewed 40,000 times on the first day of its release and 1,700,000 times within a month of the upload . http://fashionrules.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/dove-campaign-for-real-beauty.jpg Message: This viral message was aimed to raise awareness about the Dove Self-Esteem Fund. The objective of the fund was to help women and girls from Canada trying to build a stronger self-esteem and a better positive self-image than the negative one which had been running them anxious. This campaign was created by Ogilvy Mather Toronto for the Canadian market only but it soon became a rage and had a huge impact not only in Canada but all over the world. Effect: The video had a strong effect and it gradually spread much beyond the Canadian Market- the initial target market for this message, thanks to the advent of social media especially the use of YouTube here. The audience got to know that the advertisement in magazines and on the television is not the real thing. The model girls are made better looking than they actually are; but the problem once that women tend to take it as true and thus develop a with low self-esteem as they are not able to understand the true side of it. But this video helped them understand this and thus had a positive impact on their psyche as far as they perceive the beauty as shown to them. Reasons for impact: It becomes an interesting study to find out what were the reasons that made this video so popular. Some major reasons that can be though off are: Emotional connection: For any viral message to be successful, it should be able to connect to the audience on an emotional level. If anyone feels emotional by watching a video, it is bound to encourage the person to share it with like-minded people and feel good about it and this is the way a viral grows making it infectious. This video directly hit the identity and the self-image of girls and women by exposing to them the reality behind the beauty industry and increasing their confidence in their own inner beauty with less emphasis on the external beauty thus helping them create a positive and optimistic self-image and staying away from fake beauties shown by the media. A Sticky and memorable message: In addition to being emotional, the message should be substantial in itself and should be strong enough to directly reach the memory of the audience. In this video, a message was created telling people that the way they see the beauty is not the real one, its just make up and not the real natural stuff, the reality being something else. Most people did or do not know how fake the beauty industry really is. This is why the message made such a big impact on peoples perception and resulted in remembering who sent the message.For Dove,it helped in creating a brand loyalty where audience would remember not only the message but develop a strong brand recall and reputation for Dove. A Novel idea: With this video, Dove did something different and extra-ordinary wherein it not only tried to promote its brand but tried to show the audience that I actually cared for them and wanted to show them the real picture. Audience liked the idea in which the perception about the beautiful ad models was changed and the reality was exposed by this video. This novelty in the idea played a huge role in the spread of this video through online media at such a rapid pace. The Indirect and subtle approach One of the best things that happen with this video was the trust that it developed among the audience and it happened because of the subtle manner in which the brand was conveyed along with the message. There was no direct and over-the-face mention of the products or the company or its name. But at the same time, the message behind the message, from Doves perspective, was that the female segment should get the real picture, should aim to be supermodels, instead just try to enjoy their normal beauty and for that they dont need cosmetics or surgeries, all they need a bar of soap, one which cares for them. The continuity in approach One of the major problems with a viral message is that the enthusiasm generated by the message can easily fall down and thus there should be a disciplined way to counter this. After the fast spread of this videos and the message, the company realized fast that it needs to keep the fire up and thus it released few other videos with same message fast along with behind the scene coverings and also did everything through other ways like interviews, surveys etc. to keep the buzz alive. The likeability The video was very much likeable and it generated a feel good factor among the audience by negating the negative self-image resulting from the wrong perception portrayed by the beauty industry. This was huge and had a big impact on the appeal and attraction of the video. Power of social media: Today, Online internet media is a very powerful tool to spread your message across at a very high speed and across very wide reach. There was a lot of talk about this video on different blogs or through comments and responses in the form of more videos on YouTube that were not only serious ones but were spoofs too like Slob Evolution. Through all this, the power of the video viral grew manifolds and bigger and bigger which created a buzz and thus reached a large audience across the globe. Talking about the other side of this viral, the audience which was exposed to this video viral reported a positive change in their attitude and perception towards the brand, and not only those, this was also among the people that had only heard about it and yet not seen it. Thus through this campaign, Dove proved that viral marketing through social media is a very powerful tool if used it the right manner. It can go a long way in changing the attitudes of people towards a brand with good viral marketing, which results in more sales. Not only this, Even without having appeared anywhere through offline means, the video and it effects were discussed by a good number of TV programs, which includes Good Morning America,  The View, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and news channels such as  CNN,  NBC, and  News, showing support for the message with an overwhelming majority. It produced double-figure growth in product sales for Dove , and also Unilever reported that its overall sales rose by 5.8%, up from 3.9% the previous year in the duration following the release of  Evolution. Also now, Dove has a page on Facebook which mentions their mission as being committed towards helping all women to realize their real beauty potential by creating products that would deliver genuine improvement to their skin and hair. It believes that beauty must be for everyone, the reason that when one looks and feels the best, one feels better about self. To get an idea about how successful this campaign has been, the count on the fans of this page is 283,808 people. Major characteristics of a viral that enhance its ability to spread Outstanding story like the success of an underdog in some competition etc.Latest on Facebook is the video of interview of a student from a very poor family who went on to become the topper of the IAS exam this year 2010. Stickiness : Sticky  content  refers to content published on a  website, which has the purpose of getting a user to return to that particular website or hold their attention and get them to spend longer periods of time at that site.  Uploaded links or tagging pictures are such examples as consumers tend to come back to same messages to post some comment Relevance A viral tends to spread fast through online media if it is relevant to the target friends. E.g. messages related to Business may be more relevant for a MBA student and so have higher chances of getting forwarded through e-mails, blogs or commented high on Facebook. Portability Share ability Timing and actuality Seeding hook Natures of viral Today use of social media is almost indispensible especially for the current generation. This can be seen with the ever-increasing users of blogs, Facebook, twitter etc. With the tremendous amount of information easily available on internet today, there is a huge emphasis on sharing today and everyone wants to be more and more aware about various things. But that does not mean that everything on this earth is shared. Rather there has to be some value, some relevance in the message for it to be important enough to be forwarded and propagated. To know about these characteristics, 47 internet users were interviewed( 28 from IIM K personally and 19 through online survey) and they were asked about the top 3 types of messages they are more inclined to share and were given 9 options to choose from. Following were the results:- The results showed that the major types of the viral messages that are likely to be propagated fast through social media are Comic content, socially relevant stuff or some inspirational/motivational information. Further, these users were asked about their medium of their sharing and following were the results:- Around 48% use social networking sites like Facebook, Orkut etc. to share the messages whereas forwarding of e-mails was a distant second and seems to be losing its charm with the advent of other better means of sharing like networking sites etc. But then if looked closely, use of a particular medium for sharing by a user depends on his location and access to various media.To have a better understanding of this, the 47 respondents were then divided into 2 separate sections Students and Working users and the data were collated separately as shown:- The results show the changes in preference of the medium used due to the constained access. For instance figure 1 which has all IIM K students as the respondentd show that majority of them use Facebook or other networking sites as their most preferred medium of message propagation and here e-mail forwards form a very small(only 7%) of their media usage for information sharing. On the contrary,the working respondendts who generally have a constained accees to social netwokring sites instead use more of e-mail forwards.